It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.

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College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.

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Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.

Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.

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The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.

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Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.

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The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.

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Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.

Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.

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Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.

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Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.

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Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.

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Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.

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Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.

Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.

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Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

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Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.

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The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.

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If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.

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In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.

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In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.

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Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.

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The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.

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Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.

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Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.

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Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.

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People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.

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Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.

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There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.

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The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.

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